Korean has no word for "who" or "that" the way English does. Instead, the verb itself changes shape and sits right in front of the noun — "the person [I-met] " instead of "the person that I met."
This feels new, but you've been building toward it since Lesson 9.
Lesson 9's future tense was secretly this: -(으)ㄹ (future modifier) + 것 (thing) + 이에요. Today that modifier gets a name, a present-tense partner, and a past-tense partner.
The same verb takes a different modifier depending on when the action happens relative to the noun: meets / met / will meet.
Just a couple of nouns to build phrases with.
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Action verbs (동사) get three shapes. Adjectives (형용사) only need one — but watch out for 있다-based words like 맛있다, which act like action verbs here.
Pick a verb, a noun, and when the action happens.
Simpler — adjectives only need the one modifier shape.
These phrases become the subject, object, or any other part of a sentence.
10 questions on the four modifier shapes.